Ethical concerns Essay Example for Free

Ethical concerns EssayIn this report I will be examining and explaining ethical concerns that communities face when a business operates. In this encase I will be using Primark as the selected business. Primark within the past year or so have faced many concerns that have hard affected the surrounding communities of where their businesses operate such as the sweat shops discovered within the UK. This was a big ethical concern due to the child savvy and the incredibly low pay rate which broke UK trading laws and human rights. Although this was not as shocking as the Bangladesh disaster which involved the collapse of a large factory that Primark produced products in. The result of this caused many lives to be taken and serous court action taken on the managers and owners of this factory. While these workers worked within this factory they worked below incredibly poor conditions and an incredibly low pay rate of 25 pounds a month to live on.This conditions which workers lived und er not only affected them for the worsened but their entire familiarity was surviving on barley enough money to eat or live in acceptable conditions. What this factory was doing to the community before it collapsed is enough to break most trading laws such as human rights and workplace safety. But when the factory collapsed killing close to a century of its workers it has had a bad effect on the environment and communities due to the debris and rubble that surround the site.Primark have admitted liability and paid compensation but a lot more could have been through with(p) to prevent this * Safety Primark could at least send one health and safety officer to examine the workplace before Primark makes business deals with. If problems arise then Primark could invest in the work place raising its safety standards instead of having to pay fines then being cognise as an unethical business. * Wellbeing checks Primark could send Human resources employees to examine the eudaemonia of t he employees of the business which business deals are to be made.This would make sure that the business is operating(a) ethically and to the standard of what their customers expect. * Send assessors on a yearly or monthly basis To make sure the safety of the workplaces and the wellbeing of its workers is kept up to the average standard from the first visit assessors should be sent to document the businesses maintained standard. To which it is then reported back to superiors. What Primark have done after the Bangladesh Spending $1 million (? 640,000) on short term aid and food aid the victims. * Compensating thousands of families that where effected by the disaster. * Opened a website -http//www. primark-ethicaltrading. co. uk/ on this website it has information on what further action Primark is taking to help and aid the local communities such as an improved safety programme and the HERproject which focuses on the wellbeing and health of female workers.

Analyse item 1 a newspaper article from The Guardian Essay Example for Free

Analyse item 1 a paper clause from The withstander EssayI am writing an assignment which is on media. The two sources I take a leak been given to analyse is a pamphlet from The buyback legions and a newspaper article from The Guardian. Both ar based on the subject of homelessness. The problem of homelessness is a very un put togethertled issue. It is evident in some countries more all over in the UK it is concentrated in London. The two items are different, as one is an article from a broad sheet newspaper whereas item 2 is a leaflet asking for donation for a charity which processs the homeless. The article on homelessness states some(prenominal) facts on the reasons why homelessness is an issue which is faced by many multitude today. It is estimated that 419, cd individuals have been accepted homeless by the local authorities in which many are living in a sub standard chequer and are not even included in the statistics. This means that there are many out ther e who are regarded homeless and are only not to be found. The main reason that people are homeless is the fact that most of them are rough catch some Zsers who go close to during the day and sleep wherever there is a dry place.It is mentioned that the majority are single people. This may have been due to the fact that many of them leave home at a young age and are unable to support themselves financi eithery and resulting in not having kids. It is estimated tat 90% of the homeless population is male. One may think why? The answer to this is due to the fact of excess consumption of alcohol resulting in spending a huge amount of money and booster cable to bankruptcy and not affording to a right(a) life.People who are dependant on non prescribed drugs are besides homeless because they spend most of their income on drugs. It is also say that those who suffer from multiple social problems are mostly either family problems or are kicked out due to other problems. They suffer ment ally as these problems mount up leading them to leave home and run away with no benefits and live on the streets without a fixed home. As homelessness is increasing, regimen intends to abolish the problem by setting up plans for the future, which may help in development.The newspaper states that in order for this plan to work out undefeatedly, the politics proposed many new acts since 1980s Due to public outcry against doss houses many of these houses were closed down, in return new warm hostels were opened the downside to this gain was that it was insufficient as by 1989 they were, 5000 fewer beds than there were 10 years ago. By 1990 the government estimated 1000 to 2000 people were sleeping rough in substitution London. Along the government response to this was the Department of the Environment had launched a three year i90,000,000 rough sleepers enterprisingness (RSI) in which they funded resettlement workers, temporary mothy workers and a permanent accommodation for rou gh sleepers to move on. Other authorities like the Department of Health launched a homeless mentally ill initiative to provide a more high care hostels for those with mental problems. Because of its success, the initiatives were renewed for a further 3 years in 1993. By 1995, the government inform that the number of rough sleepers in London dropped to around 270 which means it was successful. The problem of homelessness was reported in the newspaper article in the Guardian.Now I ordain analyse an extract of a leaflet from The Salvation Army which helps to tackle the problem of homelessness. The Salvation Army is an agency, which works on peoples contributions to continue the agencys work on fate homeless people. The Salvation Army is a provider of accommodation for those who are single and homeless all year round. This group has developed a successful programme for helping people to find permanent homes. This means that the Salvation Army is not only working on diddle-term pr ojects but also on long term projects to ensure safety for the future and help build their lives.An example of a successful help project is Jim. It is stated that Jim was a success because of many peoples generosity which enabled a brighter future for Jim. Home for Jim was not dependable. He lived on a hill amongst brambles, because of the reason that his life living on the streets was disappointing, and also the reason active the time he got is hopes high of getting a job that was refused, because of the interviewer took one look at his crumpled habit his hopes of living a good life with a fresh start was shattered and he was left wing where he started from. But then the Salvation Army stepped in.Once the Army hears a person in need like Jim, they send someone to investigate the matter. After that incident an officer visited him. With a helping hand and a shoulder to cry on Jim was taken to a hostel where he enjoyed a hot bath, a shave and most of all friendship. From then, Jim had been living in the local Salvation Army hostel. Building up his confidence with the dedicated help of the officers he has open up his hope and is hardened to find a job and build up his life once again. As this story was successful in Jims case it may mean many other cases which are there must be successful too.With this story as an example the Salvation Army is a charity which is there to loan a forgiving ear and a comforting arm and most importantly it is there to offer true friendship to those who are lonely and scared. The Salvation Army is not there just to provide a temporary home but also to offer a long-term programme which enables a better future for the unfortunate homeless people. As The Salvation Army is a charity which helps to build long term projects for the homeless, they have to find a way to make people pay attention and one strategy used is the use of delirious lyric poem.There are many examples in which emotional language is used but the main ones ar e Once in the streets, homeless people beget target to all sorts of illnesses, all potential killers. In fact over 600 people a year on the streets die on the streets. In this sentence the word prey is used. The literal meaning of prey is a victim. This tells the reader that homeless people are victims of cold weather and the use of this word is emotional and used to make a point it is also supported by a fact 600 making this statement true.Another sentence where the use of language is strong is With your generosity we can give insecure people not only a happier Christmas but a brighter future too. The word generosity is used to give an opinion of being helpful or patient of. This suggests that with the help of the people outside giving donations it can give vulnerable people a happier Christmas and give a lifelong help of a good future. Another sentence which captures the readers eye is We are the ones to lend a sympathetic ear, the ones with the comforting arm, the ones offe ring true friendship and support during difficult times.The words comforting, sympathetic are both very emotional. They are used here in order for the reader to be aware of the good nature of The Salvation Army, how at difficult times they can offer friendship and show support to those who are in difficult times. The Salvation Army is there to help people who cant help themselves and those who do not show help to others. The use of emotive words gives an impression of a sad tone to the story about Jim and to the life of homeless people.The two items about homelessness are very unlike as item 1 is an article from a broadsheet newspaper The Guardian whereas item 2 is a entropy leaflet from The Salvation Army. The newspaper article follows a parliamentary debate which is going to take place on the issue of homelessness. The article begins with a subheading getting to the key point about the size of the problem. It begins with the historical past of homelessness. A lot of statistical selective information is given it also states what kind of people is most promising to be found homeless single people, childless couples.It also shows previous parliament records over 8,000 people which tells you that this debate has taken place once before. There are many facts given to show evidence of the controversial issue of homelessness. The newspaper article finally shows what the government has done to overcome homelessness an example of this is doss houses which were closed down. The leaflet from the Salvation Army begins with an opinion, of how sleeping rough you can dread great(p) weather. It states a fact about living outside in the cold weather can feel like.Compared to the newspaper article which is not biased about who is to blame for being homeless, the leaflet states a biased opinion on how homeless people are blameless for their situation. It also states what kind of people is likely to be homeless, which is different from the newspaper article. It gives a reason for publishing the leaflet but does not give a lot of statistical information. There is a blend of facts and opinions like over 600 people a year die on the streets which is a fact. It also gives a reason for why they are successful by giving the story about Jim, which was a success.It does not show background information on the issue of homelessness. It ends with a paragraph on requesting help from the readers by donating money. The newspaper article gets to the point on what the article is about with a large heading in bold and capitals HOMELESSNESS which later is followed by sub- headings. It is set out in vertical columns which are not fully justified. It has short paragraphs and sub-headings. The paragraphs give much information in a compact place. In proportion to the leaflet which begins with bold highlighted blocks giving little facts. The paragraphs are set like tabloid newspapers also in vertical columns.There are very short paragraphs and some of them are in Ital ics the font of the letters varies in style like Italics with your generosity . It does not give substantial information on the issue. The newspaper articles use of language is formal and direct it is very informative stating many facts on the issue and the historical background. Like the parliament debate, the sentences are easy to visualise and the sentences are balanced with connectives like however, or. It gives a lot of statistical information to show evidence of how homelessness is a very big issue.No emotional language is used. The leaflets use of language is very straightforward and easy to understand. The sentences are very simple. It has information but not in a great amount. There is a case study shown in the story about Jim and how the Salvation Army was a success and this can draw a persons attention. Many financial appeals are requested using emotive words with your generosity and become prey which also catches the readers attention. The leaflet is based on appeal ra ther than factual information like the newspaper article.The Salvation Armys main motives to ask for donations to help resolve homelessness whereas the newspaper article is informative and has a lot of statistical information in a more formal manner. The article appeals to me as a more informative packed story. It gives more amount of statistical information to prove many facts the sentence which caught my eye was 90 per cent were male as I did not think that most homeless people were male. It also begins on with what kind of people are most likely to be homeless which can tell the reader how homelessness has begun.The information on how homelessness has increased during the years shows the reader how it has become a more highly regarded issue and is something to think about. It also shows what the government is doing to tackle the problem and how at a yearly basis new initiatives have been introduced. The reader is left to make their own opinion about homelessness whether it is an issue worth thinking about and, make a public stand to it or leave it to the government to sort it out. The leaflet has a more emotional tone for public appeal on donating for a charity which is helping to lower the problem of homelessness.The Salvation Army is a charity which is based on peoples donation to help the homeless and develop long term projects for a good future. It gives information on what kind of conditions the homeless have to sleep in. it also shows a case study to support their success. It is not as informative as the newspaper article. It has no fixed presentation device unlike the newspaper article which is all set in columns. Towards the end of the leaflet the reader is left to make a choice of feeling sorry for the homeless and donate money or is left untouched by the story about Jim.

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education Essay

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education EssayThe assignment go forth amaze the performance started for log B, looking at how diffierent strategies atomic number 18 use to support boorren with social, emotional doingsal difficulties, foc exploitation on how fortifyrs and sanctions substructure improve demeanour. Looking at how a inculcate behavioral policy potentiometer help inside the classroom and give lessons to tackle and improve conduct as well as using literature to critically analyse these suggestions.Concerns about the conducts of young people be nothing new. Socrates is quoted as saying Children to twenty-four hour period are real tyrants, they no perennial stand up when their elders come into the room where they are sitting, they contradict their parents, chat together in the presence of adults, eat gluttonously and tyrannise their teachers.What counts as full(a) conduct foundation be difficult to identify specifically. Our underst anding of the causes and cures of disruptive behaviour over the last few years has grown immensely. Previously, explanations of poor behaviour tend to be based on individual scholarly persons and their families while treatments consisted of drugs, counselling and psychological intervention. Research that is more recent has suggested that check platform, teaching approaches, sanction and observe systems and pupil involvement in determining rules, rewards and sanctions contribute to the ethos of high expectations and create ordained teacher pupil relationships where indiscipline is minimised.Sanction and reward systems, which will be the focus of this assignment, stupefy their origins in behaviourist psychology. They are near(prenominal) likely to be effective if shaped by an overall philosophy and linked virtually to the ethos of the shoal and in some schools pupils are involved in drawing up the school rules, and consulted about appropriate sanctions, as this is seen as the best commission of ensuring that punishments are seen as fair.Government policy in England states that TES (2005). Rewards and sanction systems are essential for a creative teaching and learning environment. By praising and honour positive behaviour, it is believed that others will be gaind to act similarly. The government believe that school behaviour policy should therefore not only specify what sanctions are avail equal to(p) to lag, but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards.Surprisingly, theres been little research into the effects of sanctions and rewards on behaviour and achievement. One of the most extensive studies was conducted by researchers at the University of East Anglia in 2000. Their survey of Year 8, 9 and 10 pupils in the Norwich area found that the most effective sanction in the eyes of pupils was a letter or ph whiz call home to parents, while the least effective was a literal warning. Similarly, the use of gifts was s een as by far the most effective reward, with verbal praise at the bottom of the list (TES, 2005). Recent research (Allen, unpublished) suggests that the school curriculum and the use of teaching approaches through sanctions and reward systems undersurface determine the pupils involvement within the rules, thus contributing to the ethos of high expectations and developing positive teacher and pupil relationships therefore creating the individuality of the pupils.The types of children and their related social, emotional and behavioural problems must be identified before a sanction and rewards scheme can improve behaviour as part of a behavioural management policy within a Pupil Referral Unit. The definition of emotional and behavioural difficulties in Britain (DES, 1989) refers to Children who set up barriers amid themselves and their learning environment through inappropriate, aggressive, bizarre or withdrawn behaviour and who have developed a range of strategies for dealing with day to day experiences that are inappropriate and impede normal personal and social development and make it difficult to learn. This statement suggests that the problem resides with the child and that it is the child who needs to be treated and cured. However this view is far too simplistic.Therefore there is a need to understand the child, looking at the root causes of aggressive or socially inappropriate behaviour, by looking at the diametrical perspectives on behaviour this will help teachers to understand individual childrens behaviour, and give them strategies to use within the classroom. The use of these perspectives is particularly useful in a Pru situation where there are a large proportion of challenging children. Many of these children have had proscribe experiences in their secondary school and view themselves as inadequate, ineffective, and useless troublemakers, consequently their egotism esteem is low. Using the following perspectives and observing and recruitin g a childs different behaviours can give teachers in Pupil referral building blocks strategies to overcome pupils displayed behaviours which they can use effectively within the classroom. Firstly, the Pschodynamic perspective looks at how early experiences from childhood, attachment issues and other conflicts can have an effect on current behaviour traits, understanding these issues can help a teacher develop a positive relationship with the child. The cognitive perspective, once testing of the childs abilities has been carried out, means that the work can be presented at the appropriate level (Ayers et al, 1995). This will help the child achieve success and develop their selfconfidence and self-esteem when attempting new topics. The Ecosystemic perspective looks at systems that influence the child, such as home, school and peer environments. Looking at all relationships that can affect the childs behaviour, and developing strategies to use within the classroom. Strategies based on this approach, such as nuture groups are being utilise increasingly in primary schools. Although these are implemented chiefly by teachers, they close to cartridge clips involve assistance from other providers such as peers, parents or psychologists. A Behaviourist perspective approach looks at how postive and negative reinforcements used consistantly in school and at home can have a postive affect on behaviour, improving self esteem. A Humanistic perspective to managing behaviour tries to maximise a pupils inherent motivation to learn by minimising factors that undermine or inhibit this process. Teachers will need to recognise how the pupils feel about themselves and their capabilities. Maslow (1998) clarifies how needs such as physical and safety needs have to be adequately met before self esteem even becomes an issue.Although brief, the above descriptions of the different perspectives can give teachers an insight into why a child behaves the way it does. Many of the strategie s mentioned in put rout B support children with SEBD within the classroom. The most important one mentioned is actually listening to the child to try to understand what they feel and developing relationships. Emotional and behaviour difficulties are about people who are so bad hurt and in so much pain that they are angry, it is our belief that they express their pettishness in a place that is safe to that expression of anger in school could be seen as positive Mc Namara, Morton (1995).Teachers in a Pupil Referral Unit situation often need to learn to also deal with their own emotions, as many feel frustrated because they want to help children to change their behaviour so that the pupils themselves get better outcomes. The usual strategies of sanctions, reasoning, punishments and exclusions used in secondary school dont always work with children in a Pupil referral unit of measurement. Therefore, being able to recognise the different behavioural perspectives teachers are able to develop their own teaching strategies within the classroom for the individual child.Before a child enters the Pupil referral unit they attend an assessment centre which is set within the same building, this gives a chance for the teachers to determine what the individual pupil needs to help them fulfil their potential. A behaviour contract is usually faultless between the school, parents or withstander and the child themselves. The main areas that are addressed within this contract are used to develop positive behaviours to support relationships between pupils and teachers, pupils and their school environment, peer relationships and home relationships.By developing a whole school approach to behavioural management issues the Pupil referral unit involves all lag, some agencies, and the pupils. Involving parents would seem to be the best way forward. Capstick (2005) suggests Establishing good relationships with parents seem an important element when attempting to work with a chil d as well as swelled tanible rewards. Teacher and staff need to examine what outcomes they want to achieve with the pupils and adopt or change the reward system to meet their needs. The values, which underpin a school behaviour policy, are that all children and adults have the right to work in a safe, calm, supported and purposeful environment. All children have the right to come to school without fear of being bullied. All adults have a responsibility to support the behaviour policy and for it to be self-consistently applied by all members of staff for it to work effectively.The Pupil referral units behavioural policy aims are to ensure a fair and consistent approach to dealing with the behaviour of children during the school day. This is by providing a safe, caring and supportive environment which allows children to learn and teachers to teach. The policy hopes to promote positive behaviour as a model for all behaviours. Help independence by making pupils responsible for their o wn actions and provide a structure which moderates childrens behaviour while allowing them to develop as responsible citizens within society.To achieve these aims it is vital that a partnership between home and school is conventional. A leave out of, or poor discipline tends to be the result of problems within the family unit or lack of social skills. In a Pupil referral unit this is achieved in the following ways. Communication between a childs key teacher and their parent or guardian is good and means that the parent will phone in regularly to keep staff up to date on any problems at home, staff will in return inform parents of good behavour, effort or work that the child has produced. This means that the child is rewarded by the parent or guardian. When surveyed most children rated this highly on encouraging them to behave well at the pupil referral unit.Smith and Laslett (1993) suggest To use rewards and sanctions effectively requires knowledge and judicious application of the principles of behaviour modification the single most important factor in learning behaviour is what happens immediately following that behaviour. Pleasant consequences are most likely to reinforce the behaviour and make it happen again. To develop a whole school policy on sanctions and rewards within the Pupil referral unit, discussions should take place within the school community on how to deal with different types of behaviours observed in different places somewhat the school. Pupils are involved during PSHCE lessons in conducting surveys, and a school council could be established so that the children views on school issues can be heard. For when the pupils understand the simple rules within the classroom the atmosphere is usually pleasant and the teaching revereable. The main verifiable for a school behavioural policy is to ensure that there was is a shared understanding by both pupils and teachers of proportionate and differentiated sanctions that can be used in different s ituations. The policy needs to be clear on how teachers can acquire assistance in a crisis situation and who to go to for help. It should also be discussed what the protcol would be with the local police and youth offending services, if a serious incident occurred.Sanctions should be discussed with pupils and school rules displayed in every classroom. Sanctions must be fair and must be used to deal with behaviour, as quickly as possible. Pupils must know that when a sanction is applied it will be used. Record keeping is vital in the pupil referral unit, especially recording any behavioural incidents which help teachers deal with repetative behaviour issues. The Pupil referral unit could also use restorative justice to address poor behaviour, where a child is held to account for their actions and encouraged to put right the harm they may have caused. In some schools and Pupil Referral units this method seems to be working and behaviour is seen to be improving. The school behaviour po licy should not only specify what sanctions are available to staff but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards. The Elton Report (1989) noted that a reward and sanction ratio of at least 51 is an indication of a school with an effective rewards and sanctions system. It also recommended that all schools should have a broad range of both rewards and sanctions that are applied fairly and consistently.The types of rewards used in a Pupil referral unit to motivate children are, verbal praise, rewarding postive behaviours which encouarge the pupils to behave in lessons, showing examples of examplar work on walls, displaying work showing the different levels of academic achievement. Giving all children the chance to succeed and develop their confidence and using the lessons they enjoy improving their self esteem. Reward strategies also used are certificates, postcards, prizes within lessons for consistent behaviour, effort or quality work. Parents are sho uld be routinely cognizant of all of the above and termly assemblies given with parents encouraged to attend as recognition of their childs achievement.Teachers and staff within the Pupil referral unit therefore have high expectations of the pupils and encourage standards in collective and self discipline, encouraging purposeful learning opportunities within the classroom in order to support the behavioural management policy. An example of this is where children can be given target cards each day with one behaviour target on, they take this to each lesson and teachers record their behaviour, adding initials in the centre of the bullseye on the card if they have met that target for that lesson, at the end of the day the points (Initials in the centre of the bullseye) are added up and recorded on to a visual record sheet so that the pupils can see their achievements.Dealing with the different types of disruptions that can occur in lessons at the Pupil referral unit can also be challe nging for teachers. Disruptions can manifest themselves as low level such as persistently talking to peers, seeking too much attention, or failing to cooperate. Whilst these disruptions can often be put down to stresses or difficulties outside school, it is evident that some situations arise because of the learning environment within the Pupil referral unit itself and this must be tackled in order for a behavioural policy and rewards and sanctions system to work effectively. Children can be bored with the work set especially if the level is incorrect, and will kick off. Some teachers as Ashman and Conway (1993) suggest see the problems as lying with the child rather than the curriculum or the methods used to teach.Lessons in the Pupil referral unit therefore can be timetabled for half hour and hour slots at various times of the year or timetables can be disbanded meaning that children experience a variety of different teaching styles within the day. This can also have a positive ef fect on behaviour management within the unit for example in practical lessons teachers are used to movement and children often have more freedom to move around depending upon the activity, the teachers tend to be more relaxed in their methods and consequently so are the children. Whereas, in theoretical lessons some teachers tend to regard movement as be and can apply sanctions more vigorously, if a child is critised or put down for something they have done wrong in class, this can add to a lowering of their self esteem and increase behavioural problems. Rogers (1998) Suggests that all teachers should develop their own discipline plan so that they know what to do in earn when classroom behaviour is disruptrive, to develop goals of discipline in school such as support the child accept responsibility for their own behaviour, exercise self control, respect the rights of others, adopt the principles of fairness and honesty and face logical consequences of their behaviour.The behaviou r policy in the Pupil referral unit should also cover strategies such as tactical ignoring of certain behaviours, using simple directons, postive reinforcement of rules, behaviour and work. Strategies such as giving the children simple choices about sanctions, giving time out for fin minutes, using isolation for counselling to discuss problems, or using break and lunchtime detentions, or keeping children for ten minutes after school can also be used as a positive way to modify pupil behaviours. Deflecting and defusing situations are one of the units strengths, as mentioned in Log B. The most common deflecting strategy used to distract the child from their behaviour, is usually humour but not with added sarcasm this usually works and seems to calm the children down very quickly, without letting them lose face. The child is then reminded about giving an apology to the appropriate teacher. A room could also be used to teach children who have caused disruption within a lesson so that they can discuss their actions with a member of staff. These are all positive steps in helping children to understand how their actions can affect themselves and others and to consider the feelings of others and attempt to perceive their point of view. By enabling a child to empathise with others behaviours can often be modified in a more positive way.In conclusion the most important aspect of improving behaviour in any school is to develop a postive relationship with the children you teach, this is especially important in a Pupil referral unit as the pupils find it more difficult to make positive relationships. However, when they find a teacher that is friendly, caring, consistently predicatable and reliable many pupils will react postively and consequently their behaviour improves. For children who the above approach doesnt work, time and effort including observations are needed to determine which behavioural perspectives to use to help that child progress.In the Pupil referral un it therefore, the most effective way to help a child who has experienced traumatic events would be to use counselling by other services, or having a teacher they like discussing aspects of their behaviour with them, but being consistent with all the strategies included within the whole school behavioural policy and the use of sanctions and rewards helps improve behaviour.Unfortunately, in recent years the incidents of emotional and behavioural issues among children in all schools (not just pupil referral units) has increased and the different sanctions and strategies mentioned previously have yet to be embedded and used effectively everywhere. This is due to government instancy and league tables. Teachers have had to move away from listening to pupils in class time in order to get children through examinations, and to reach targets. As many of the solutions to helping improve behavioural issues for children with SEBD are based on a within child view and the team around the child, t hese thing involve a commitment from the government of time and money to enable these areas to be accessed by both pupils and teachers in order to improve behaviour effectively. An acknowledgement therefore that time spent on developing relationships within schools is in fact key to effecting education, requires a shift in government attitude in terms of expectations and targets. only when then will pupil behaviour ultimately improve across educational establishments.

Assessing Key Strategic Levels Of Electrolux Commerce Essay

Assessing Key Strategic Levels Of Electrolux Commerce EssayThere argon usually three levels under which a strategy can be implemented and formulated in a go with or an organization. They include the bodied level, logical argument building block level and the departmental or the functional level. The corporate level is mostly concerned with the identification of the potential competitors in the food trade which essential be considered in the daily operations of a stage business. At this level of strategy, the business is concerned with the reach, competitive contacts and business interrelationships coupled with managing activities of the business. The utilization and consideration of the managing practices which the business engages into is paramount of consideration at this level. secondly is the business unit level of strategy in an organization which deals mostly with a single unit in a business tasked with particularised assignment like salute, revenue or profits. The ir responsibility is to devise a strategy that will egg on the businesses to conquer and fetch outsize market area size bigger than its competitors while maintaining a competitive prefer in the market. Lastly, the functional level is fundamental since it determines the level of business operations within the independent units of a business (Thompson Strickland 1995, p. 23).Their collective activities form the overall business operations. Electrolux identified three levels of their market practices that they needed to capture, improve and elaborate in graze to effectively compete in the worldwide market. First in the corporate level is the globalization aspect. Since the global competition is knock-down(prenominal) and stiff, the association devised production procedures that are terms effective providing the clients with variety of products at down in the mouther impairments. In identification of corporate behaviors in the manufacturing industry, the club concentrated with quality exploitation of products, extensive efforts to build their brand name as rise up as thorough efforts to capture wider market area size internationally. Secondly, the business level unit of business strategy involved the study of the market polarization and its dynamisms. The change of consumer preferences were taken into consideration before implementation of any production process to scarce deal with the products that are preferred by the customers. Market polarization was due to intemperate international competition, changes in consumer preferences and the rapid harvesting of the retail chains in the international market (Thompson Strickland 2001, p. 16).Therefore a thorough scrutiny of the consumer trends in the market is basic for companies to venture in those fields that are profitable. Lastly, in the departmental level of business strategy, Electrolux identified the steps to consolidate their retailer outlets for fostering the market segments to capture an e xtensive market area size. Therefore, Electrolux has introduced large scale purchases of in the buff materials in the production department non only to save on lives but also benefit from large scale economies. This coupled with a wider geographical coverage it strives to capture will propel the profitability of the business to higher levels. With proper consideration of retailers across the global market curiously in developed economies, Electrolux has been in a invest to communicate wide variety of household appliances at reduced prices a fact that has created wider market for its appliances. The adaptation of supply to large scale out lets has also been incorporated under this level of strategy to capture a large international geographical area (Hill, Jones, Galvin Haidar 2007, p. 97).Porters atomic number 23 forces modelThis is a business framework used by industrial stakeholders both manufacturing and service industries in their analysis and business strategy developmen t. This concept utilizes industrial organization economies in addition to development strategies to identify and utilize the five market forces to increase keep companys kindness in the market in terms of profitability. The plain market situation according to porter come outs when the combination of these forces reduces the profitability of a business. Among the five forces in porters model, three acts from the external perspective of the business. Factors beyond business attend greatly influences the market practices. They are well studied when divided into two components horizontal competition involving the threat of cave ined competitors, threat of substitute products and the threat of spick-and-span entrants into the market. On the other hand, the vertical competition involves the bargaining power of suppliers as well as the bargaining power of consumers (Porter 1980, p. 34).The reality of substitute products ion the market encourages customers to discombobulate to alte rnatives if the prime company does not satisfy their needs and preferences. However the substitute element is dependent on a number of factors like he customers cost of switching, their propensity to substitute products and commodities, the ease at which substitution is possible and the quality of depreciation to which the substituted product infer. When the market provides considerably and favorable conditions for businesses coupled with profitability, the entrant of hot competitors in the same field is inevitable. This trend results to reduced profitability and the market approaches perfect competition scenario. However, this may be prevented by introduction of barriers to entryway, high cost of switching, up(a) brand name and quality, increasing capital requirements and introduction of government regulations. The threat of competitive rivalry in the market is very evident in many business set ups. A business can therefore prevent this by adopting appropriate competitive advan tage through market innovations and creativities (Porter 1980, p. 39). separate factors that determine the extent to which entry of potential competitors affects the business may include the advertising costs, strength of the competitive strategy, and the capital base of businesses. Bargaining power of customers which represents the market output of the firm or a business is paramount to existence of a business. The concentration of buyers and that of business should be proportionate to sustain the businesses the buyers volumes should be substantial, the market entropy should be available to all participants and buyers should always be sensitive to price adjustments. Lastly the bargaining power of suppliers represents the market inputs for businesses. When the business has a good supply of raw materials, labor, components and services, its in a model to have a market command. For this force to work properly, the suppliers degree of product differentiation should be distinct, marke t should have input substitutes to be used in cases of shortage of prime inputs and the existence of supplier competition. Household appliances have also experienced several forces in the market not only for individual country but also in the international market (Porter 1980, p. 44).The bargaining power force identified is the growth of municipal market demand for Electroluxs products which witnessed the firm expands its operations to cover dishwashers and slipstream machines to satisfy the growing market. The threat of existing firms is evident when they introduced production plants in countries where the cost of production was low. This competitive force existing between dominant firms forces firms to venture to product development, brand building as well as improving selling strategies. Household industry is also experience the threat of raw entrants in the market especially from Asia producers of LG and Samsung the Unite States household appliance market. There has also bee n entry of new supplier of other household appliances which have forced Electrolux to venture also in the production and distribution of other appliances like dish washers and washing machines to remain competitively. There has also been supply of raw materials at lower costs in other countries like Mexico where existing competitors and new entrants have ventured forcing Electrolux to establish a manufacturing firm in Mexico as well (Porter 1980, p. 48).Household appliances industry over the recent decade proved to be a very attractive industry in provision of household items. The bargaining power of customers has been increasing over time resulting to mare and effective demand. The bargaining power of suppliers has as well tremendously increased which has witnessed the profitability of household appliances industry to increase tremendously. This increased profitability has rendered the household industry to be most attractive industry not only in the country but also in the interna tional market.Strategic capabilities of ElectroluxStrategic capabilities are the methods that a business implements allowing it to have an advantage in the market. They are the business strengths that a firm enjoys over its competitors in the market. The composition of the executive leadership of a business has also substantial effects to the proximo progress of a business in the industry especially when the competition is stiff. Their leadership and managerial skills towards addressing market issues forms a substantial component of the business and determines the existence of the business in the market. Therefore the skill for identification and restructuring of a business activity in the market greatly determines the capabilities of a business in a certain(p) industry. Electrolux have diverse and strong capabilities that enable it to work properly and preserve the strong competition in the market. It is the largest company for the manufacture of professional and domestic applianc es in the world market (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington 2005, p. 24).Despite its wide market coverage, Electrolux manufactures a wide range of products from cookers, fridges, vacuum cleaners, chain saws to law movers. This diversification element presents it with an advantage over other businesses during tough economic periods. The wide market coverage also plays a vital role in the market diversification to get from unprofitable regions which are compensated by other profitable ventures. This element allows the company to continuously remain in business. Its capital base is also strong a fact that makes it preserve strong economic conditions. Another notable capability that the company enjoyed is the able leadership of its chairpersons and Chief Executive Officers. Since early 1920s, the president of the company Alex Wenner-Gren spreaheaded the growth strategy and created a wide pool of capabilities that the company relied on in its execution of duties (Johnson, Scholes, Whitting ton 2005 p. 86).The diversification plans the company explored to start production centers removed Sweden offered a proper opportunity for the company to stand a better chance to capture the market. Its establishment in UK, France, USA, German and Australia created a wide and large capital base for expansion and dealing with large scale economies of scale. The diversification strategy adopted by the company provided better grounds for expansion and capturing of new markets as well as sustaining the existing ones. The continued and able leadership the company enjoyed has provided a good platform for expansion both national and in the international markets. The company had also strong financial resources that allowed it to continue with numerous acquisitions not only in Sweden but also in other major trading blocks in America, Europe and Asia which further added to their strength of retaining a large market area size. These acquisitions were accompanied by disposal of non profitable ventures and subsidiaries of Electrolux in the international market. This step allowed the company to concentrate with the profitable branches and maximization of profit in other branches that were profitably. Lastly the company was in a position to heavily commit in marketing as well as building on the brand name which gave it a command in the international market (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2005 p. 89).Strategies to fortify competitive positionHousehold appliances since 1930s were a competitive venture in the internal market. Demand for household appliance increased effectively especially after the send world war, therefore, many companies invested heavily to this profitable business threatening the existing companies in the market. However, for the existing companies to remain in the widely and strong competitive market, they had to devise a strategy of operation. One such company was the Electrolux which adopted several strategies to competitively remain in the market as a leader.First, the company resolved to continually pursue plans of cost cutting in all its branches and further reduce all the procedurals in the operations to avoid complexities. This would propel the company to manufacture household appliances at lower cost hence provide finished goods in the market at a reduced price than its competitors. Therefore, Electrolux will increase barters and expand its market area size as compared to the other investors and businesses in the same field. Secondly, Electrolux resolved to rely on consumer insights and information to continually increase its product renewal rates (Thompson Strickland 2001 p. 25).This strategy will not only increase sales for its products but will also be in line with changes in consumer preferences and tastes which will make Electrolux products relevant in the market maintaining its competitive position in the international market. Manufacture of customer specific products and commodities not only increases sales but a lso assists the company to implement innovative ways in the production process. Lastly, to maintain its market leader position in a highly competitive market, Electrolux decided to be undertaking frequent market investment plans to have first hand information concerning its position in the market. These investments were also aimed at building its brand name in the market regardless of other competitors action which will consequently increase the companys sale volume in the international market. The marketing investment will also assist the company to identify the under performing business units, identify low production units and destinations, identification of more efficient purchasing ventures as well as information containing activities of other competitors (Thompson Strickland 2001 p. 35).Corporate governance of ElectroluxCorporate governance involves a whole set of customs, policies, institutions, laws and processes which directly or indirectly affects how an organization or a company is controlled, directed and administered. It also includes the relationship between and among all the stakeholders in an organization or a company. The major stakeholders involved in a company to be included in the corporate governance include management, shape up of directors and the shareholders. Other stakeholders included in the corporate governance are the customers, suppliers, employees, creditors and the wider community. The principal objective of corporate governance is to eliminate and prevent any form of malpractices in business operations while promoting transparency and accountability. While corporate governance is executed properly, it enhances economic efficiency of the company as well as improving on the shareholders and other stakeholders welfare. Due to the accountability and transparency achieved by corporate governance, the collapse of a company is not likely since there are checks and balances that occur among all the involved stakeholders (Hill, Jones, Galvin Haidar 2007 p. 101).Electrolux is governed under the statutes contained in the Swedish corporate governance, Swedish companies act, regulatory system of NASDAQ OMX Stockholm as well any other corporate Swedish and foreign law relevant to its operations. The companys governing structure is composed of more than 160 companies operating in over 50 countries globally. The parent company is the AB Electrolux situated in Sweden among the listed companies in the country. The major stakeholders are the external auditors who are nominated by shareholders in the Annual General Meeting, internal auditors prescribed by the board of directors who oversee their operations as well as those of external auditors in addition of remunerating them accordingly. The company is headed by a Chief executive Office besides a management board. Under them, there are several boards dealing with specific departments like risk management, pension, treasury, audit and tax boards in charge of administration in their respective departments (Hill, Jones, Galvin Haidar 2007 p. 104).Changing management in acquisition strategiesCompanies undergo acquisitions and mergers to expand and avoid bankruptcy. Most of these mergers and acquisitions do not roleplay their objectives and the deal fails due to lack of proper consideration of the change management necessary in such exercises. These changes include ethnical cohesion that should identify the cultural back core of the involved companies. The cultural components of acquisition process of companies include the conditions, disciplines, and beliefs that form the internal component of a company reflected in the external traits of the company. Secondly is the persuasion of missiology processes which involves the convincing of another company to join with another. The persuaded company abandons its values, beliefs and practices to join those of the other performing the acquisition. Meritocracy acquisition forms the other forms of acquisition c hanges that are necessary for the company to consider before engaging into acquisition of mergers (Thompson Strickland 2001 p. 24).Under this processes, retention of any stakeholder in the new entity after acquisition is dependent on the contribution to the company as opposed to longevity of employment. Lastly, acquisition changes may be effected by consideration of mettle. This involves the strength, spirit, character and courage that exist within a certain group of people within a certain organization. When an acquisition occurs, the mettle components of the acquired company must be adjusted to fit to those of the parent company. Therefore, Electrolux should adopt the cultural cohesiveness in the process of acquisition of other companies (Thompson Strickland 2001 p. 28).While acquisition has already taken place, several adjustments are necessary to the management in order to include all the stakeholders interests. In the leadership and management field, changes are virtually imp ortant to foster and reflect the interest of all the stakeholders as well as those of the company. Secondly, the operations field in another context under which changes is paramount to harmonize the operations of the acquired company with the parent company.

Oligopoly Structure Of Markets Beneficial To The Consumer

Oligopoly Structure Of Markets Beneficial To The Consumer(Tutor2U, 2007)An oligopoly market is a market structure which sh argons a braggy percentage of the market by a hardly a(prenominal) firms. It results in a high degree of market concentration. An important characteristic of an oligopoly is interdependence between firms. universe interdependence means that each firm must be careful of the likely reaction of other firms in the market when making pricing and enthronisation decision (Tutor2U, 2007). In addition, oligopoly market is barriers to entry and non scathe competition. It means by increasing market share without changing damage, which can take the form of glib-tongued advertising, quality of service, loyalty schemes, free gift and packaging (The student room, 2005). According to the characteristic of oligopoly above, this is shown in the UK supermarket industry, as the diagram shown (Tutor2U, 2007) there are three briny supermarkets which are Tesco, Sainsburys and As da. The main supermarkets are now having more(prenominal) than three quarters which is 72% of the grocery market. For the purpose of this essay, it will be a discussion close the market structure of the UK supermarket whether it allows some significant benefits for consumers.There are only few supermarkets with similar products in oligopoly market. Because most food manufacture will affix to the entire supermarket, such as Kelloggs and Heinz (Just food 2010). The supermarket produces its own generic or own-label goods for some products. They have produced their own-label product ranges from food to some basic cares. For example, Tesco planed to extend its Finest to intromit a range of homecare. Own-label sales generate 38% of Sainsburys total revenue, with its Taste The Difference premium range estimated to contribute between 200m and 300m. However, many of these generic products are made at the resembling factory, and are simply labelled differently for the different stores, so this is a false differentiation of products. This means that all of the products useable for sale in the different supermarkets are the same, which is one of the features of an oligopoly (Tutor2U, 2007). Therefore, consumers do not have any choices because there are only few big supermarkets in the market, which are selling the same product with different package. It is a negative side for consumers.In addition, the firms charge the same impairment in an oligopoly (PEOI, 2000). However, the UK supermarket suppliers have the same products are supplied to the firms. Therefore, the cost of all the supermarkets will be the same as each other. For example, the Cravendale Fresh Filtered Semi Skimmed Milk was priced as 1.05 in Sainsburys. However, Asda change it as 86p (Mysupermarket Insights, 2000). All in all, this theory of oligopoly of supermarket structure can provide some benefits to consumers as they can have a more valuable price by comparing different price of the main superm arkets. However, the products which sole in the supermarkets are all very similar price.Firms compete on price in an oligopoly market. Therefore, they can become a price maker and making higher profit. This feature can result in the price wars where one supermarket has price cuts in its goods and other firm will follow this situation (Wisegeek, 2003). For instance, Morrisons has fallen to 57p/kg and 59p/kg of bananas. After Morrisons promotion, Tesco has also made some price cuts, worth 1.2bn. Lastly, Asde sells twain million kilograms of bananas a week by charging 46p/kg, which is the lowest price in 14 years (Mailonline, 2000).The price competition can be shown in the Kinked beseech Curve (Economics help, 2003). If the price raise from(Economics help, 2003)P1 to P, then firms will lose a large share of the market because they become uncompetitive. If firms cut the price down, firms can strive a larger market share. However, other firms will cut price too. Therefore demand is in elastic for a price cut.In a price war, Tesco had a price cut which was between 3% and 25% discount promotion. This could result in increasing 12% market share in viii weeks. Therefore, consumers can cost less by having this price competition as there are many different promotion and price war which should provide benefit to consumers.Moreover, supermarkets need to compete other ways besides price. It means supermarkets should increase market share without changing prices. This can be shown in smooth-tongued advertising, quality of service, loyalty schemes, free gifts, packaging and temporary price reductions, which are required to attract consumers (The student room, 2005). Therefore, these factors are aimed to bind consumers to particular supermarkets for reasons other than price. Firstly, correspond to research data from Nielsen media Research, Sainsburys spent some 9.97m compared to Tesco which spent 7,3m. However, with Asda spending some 4.23m, the two giants of the UK super markets still highly cost in advertising (CBI Interactive Inc, 2000). The more advertising is shown to consumers, the more possibility to attract and give information to the consumers. Secondly, research by Baruch Colleges business school in the US has found that, western consumers are more prefer to gifts that reword loyalty and patronage than pure luck or blanket rewards. So, consumers may feel happy to spend money by getting discount. Also, the bigger the discount of the loyalty card, the better attractive of consumers. Consequently, as there are also some other factors that can influence consumers in an oligopoly market. It means consumers can gain different benefits from this non-price competition between firms.Consequently, although consumers do not have many choices as there are only few big supermarkets, and prices are identical in some ways, consumers still can have benefit which is provided by oligopoly market. As consumers can have lower price product by the price competi tion. In addition, the interdependent firms compete in other ways, for example, discounting, advertising, and quality of service, which are give consumers a more valuable consideration. In this case, the oligopoly market structure creates a situation that is beneficial to the consumers.

Traditional Dance as the Way to Understand the Culture Essay -- Cultur

Dance has no language- it is often said at the concerts and festivals. Indeed, in order to understand the beauty of the spring and what saltationrs want to express you do not need to know particular language, so Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, Germans, Chinese etc. forget perceive dance performance in the same way. Traditional dance involves not only dance performance, but handed-down national music, costumes and attributes as well. So, through and through the conventional folk dances people female genital organ get acquainted with unitary or anothers culture. However, according to Bridget Rose Nolan (2008, 8) the nature of the traditional dances are very complex, and the question about to what bound such dances are traditional is arguable. She states that dance is arguably ace of the hardest forms of cultural expression to pass from one person to another unchanged, let alone from one times to another through hundreds of years. As Brennan (1999, 15)said dance is, by its nature , ephemeral. Brennan points that traditional dance itself underwent the process of evolution. Nevertheless, culture is learnt, so it push aside be changed and it changes slightly from one generation to another, and traditional dance as a part of culture changes as well. This will not be the eradication of culture. hence modern traditional dances can be regarded as part of culture and they can be considered as the way to understand particular culture. This paper is rivet on this way, to be precisely, how traditional dances affect the understanding of culture. Firstly, the research problem will be described. Then essay will proceed to the description of the possible part, particularly, of the fieldwork, methods and expectations of the participant observation. Furthermore, there will be an an... ...ered that choreography students do not identify with any culture, including their own one, during the dance performance. So, the expectations about the changes in the behavior by the in fluence of the folk costumes and attributes were met, though the expectations about the feelings of the other cultures were not met. Therefore, folk dances can present culture of the particular folk, but the performances of the folk dances not unendingly involve the understanding of the culture. BibliographyBrennan, H. The legend of Irish Dance. Ireland Mount Eagle Publications, 1999.Haviland, William A., Harald E.L. Prins, Bunny McBride, and Dana Walrath. Cultural Anthropology The Human Challenge. Wadsworth Publishing, 2011.Nolan, B.R. Tradition, Modernity, and Authenticity in Riverdance. American Sociological Association yearly Meeting. Boston, 2008. 1-17. Traditional Dance as the Way to Understand the Culture Essay -- Cultur Dance has no language- it is often said at the concerts and festivals. Indeed, in order to understand the beauty of the dance and what dancers want to express you do not need to know particular language, so Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, German s, Chinese etc. will perceive dance performance in the same way. Traditional dance involves not only dance performance, but traditional national music, costumes and attributes as well. So, through the traditional folk dances people can get acquainted with one or anothers culture. However, according to Bridget Rose Nolan (2008, 8) the nature of the traditional dances are very complex, and the question about to what extent such dances are traditional is arguable. She states that dance is arguably one of the hardest forms of cultural expression to pass from one person to another unchanged, let alone from one generation to another through hundreds of years. As Brennan (1999, 15)said dance is, by its nature, ephemeral. Brennan points that traditional dance itself underwent the process of evolution. Nevertheless, culture is learnt, so it can be changed and it changes slightly from one generation to another, and traditional dance as a part of culture changes as well. This will not be the e radication of culture. Therefore modern traditional dances can be regarded as part of culture and they can be considered as the way to understand particular culture. This paper is focused on this way, to be precisely, how traditional dances affect the understanding of culture. Firstly, the research problem will be described. Then essay will proceed to the description of the practical part, particularly, of the fieldwork, methods and expectations of the participant observation. Furthermore, there will be an an... ...ered that choreography students do not identify with any culture, including their own one, during the dance performance. So, the expectations about the changes in the behavior by the influence of the folk costumes and attributes were met, though the expectations about the feelings of the other cultures were not met. Therefore, folk dances can present culture of the particular folk, but the performances of the folk dances not always involve the understanding of the cultur e. BibliographyBrennan, H. The Story of Irish Dance. Ireland Mount Eagle Publications, 1999.Haviland, William A., Harald E.L. Prins, Bunny McBride, and Dana Walrath. Cultural Anthropology The Human Challenge. Wadsworth Publishing, 2011.Nolan, B.R. Tradition, Modernity, and Authenticity in Riverdance. American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Boston, 2008. 1-17.

The Many Eccentricities of Kim Jong Il Essay -- International Governme

Over the course of history, it post be determined that the most evil of dictators follow the same set of characteristics. Generally, these tyrants rule with an iron fist, deploying military government agency whenever they feel they should. They often funnel their states coffers into their own personal bank accounts, and it is common for dictators to force their people to treat them with the utmost reverence and respect. These traits be seen in rulers like Hitler, Stalin, Mugabe and Hussein. However, there is one dictator set apart from the rest--the North Korean former President Kim Jong Il. It is Ils eccentricities, of which there argon many, distinguish from the other members of Dictators Club.Kim Jong Il has been characterized by many renowned psychologists as narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic, paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal, as per what a normal dictator can be diagnosed with. However, he has also been typified as pteromerhanophobic, or deathly afraid of flying. This lea ds to his first eccentricity his insistence of leaving North Korea only by fit out tail. The train spans seven rail-cars with two electric diesel cars to pull it along. Its windows are bulletproof, and though it does not seem to be armored, the fuselage of the cars is made from heavy metal plating. Though armored trains are not generally considered useful, and most are not in use, Il employed his regularly, using it to travel to such destinations as Moscow, Beijing and Siberia. A Russian emissary who traveled by the train described it as very ornate, and also disclosed that Il had had live lobsters airlifted daily to the galley car. other traveler aboard the train said Kim Jong Il had multiple sets of pure-silver chopsticks stored aboard with which he might... ...w.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/8965098/Kim-Jong-il-double-rainbows-fear-of-flying-and-Godzilla-10-things-you-might-not-know.html.No Motherland Without You. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 may 2012 . Web. 25 may 2012. .Fuller, Graham. Mad for the Movies On Kim Jong-Ils Insane Obsession With Hollywood (and Elizabeth Taylor). Artinfo. 19 Dec. 2011. Web. 25 May 2012. .Savage, Mark. Kim Jong-il The Cinephile Despot. BBC News. BBC, 19 Dec. 2011. Web. 25 May 2012. Pteromerhanophobia. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 May 2012. Web. 27 May 2012. .